Bulgaria

The Bulgars were originally a Turkish people, which emigrated to the present day Bulgaria during the 7^th century and created an independent state there. With time the Bulgars were assimilated with the Slavic population, but they continued to call them selves Bulgars, which also became the name of the Slavic population. The title of the first Bulgarian rulers was “khan” in the Turkic language and “Knez” in the Slavic language. 913 the Bulgarian rulers adopted the title “tsar”, which was the Slavic word for emperor.

1018-1185 was Bulgaria conquered by the Byzantine Empire. The Ottomans conquered most of Bulgaria 1393 and the last remnant of the Bulgarian state lost its independence 1422. The Bulgarian state would not be restored until 1878, and full independence would not be obtained until 1908. The Bulgarian prince proclaimed himself tsar of Bulgaria 1908, but that title is usually translated to king internationally.

The First Bulgarian State
(tsar/kingdom from 913)

c. 629-665 665-668 668-694 694-715 715-721 721-737 737-754 754-760 760-763 763-765 765 765-766 766-767 767-777 777-797 797-814 814-831 831-836 836-852 852-889 889-893 893-927 927-969 969-977 977-997 997-1014 1014-1015 1015-1018 1018	Kurt Bezmer Isperih Tervel Tvirem Sevar Kormisoš Vineh Telec Sabin Umor Toktu Pagan Telerig Teofilakt Kardam Krum Omurtag Malamir Presian I Boris I Mihail Vladimir Simeon I (the Great, = 913) Petăr I Boris II Roman Simeon Samuil Gavril Radomir Ivan Vladislav Presian II
Bulgaria is conquered by the Byzantine Empire 1018 Rebellions against the Byzantine Empire
1040-1041 1041 1041 1072	Petăr II Deljan Alusian Petăr II Deljan (restored) Petăr III ( = 1081-1101)
The Second Bulgarian State
1185-1197 1189-1196 1196-1207 1207-1218 1218-1241 1241-1246 1246-1256 1256 1256-1261 1257-1277 1272-1279 1278-1279 1279-1280 1280-1292 1292-1298 1298-1300 1299-1300 1300-1321 1321-1323 1323-1330 1330-1331 1331-1371 1356-1397 1371-1395 1397-1422	Petăr IV Ivan Asen I Ivan I Boril Ivan Asen II Kaliman Asen I Mihail Asen II Kaliman Asen II Mico Asen Konstantin I Tih Mihail Asen II Ivajlo Ivan Asen III Georgi Terter I Smilec Ivan II Čaka Todor Svetoslav Georgi Terter II Mihail Asen III Šišman Ivan Stefan (co-regent 1323-24) Ivan Aleksandăr Asen * Ivan Sracimir (Vidin) Ivan Šišman (Tarnovo) Konstantin II
Bulgaria is conquered by the Ottoman empire 1395-1422 Bulgaria (tsar/kingdom 908-946)
1878-1886 1887-1918 1918-1943 1943-1946 1946-	Aleksandăr I (prince) Ferdinand I ( = 1908) Boris III Simeon II Republic

* = Ivan Aleksandăr appointed his eldest son Mihail Asen IV to co-ruler 1332 but he died 1355. Two other sons were also made co-ruler 1337, Ivan Asen IV and Ivan Sracimir. The former died already in 1349 and a fourth son, Ivan Šišman, became co-ruler 1356. The two surviving sons to Ivan Aleksandăr inherited each a part of Bulgaria with the capitols at Vidin and Tarnovo. These states were conquered by the Turks 1395 and 1397 but a son to Ivan Sracimir continued to rule over a small remnant of the Bulgarian Empire to 1422.