Friuli, Verona and Aquileia

Friuli was a significant Lombard duchy in north-eastern Italy, which was created in connection to the Lombard conquest of Italy AD 568. The name Friuli is a distortion of the Roman name of its capital  (Forum Julii). The duchy survived the Frankish conquest of the Lombard kingdom AD 774 and was later reformed into a margraviate. But the fief was returned to the crown c. 900 when its duke was king of Italy 888-924. A few decades later was the margraviate of Verona created, which had almost the same extension as the old Friuli. Its central power would however be severely reduced in the following centuries and "margrave of Verona" became more a honorary titel than a real ruling title. In the peace of Konstanz 1183 was the extensive local autonomy, which the north Italian cities de facto had got a long time ago, confirmed by the emperor and the margraviate can be considered to be dissolved from this point in time. In its place had the Patriarch of Aquileia in 1077 created a ecclesiastical principality, which covered a large part of the former margraviate (including a duchy called Friulii). The city of Verona itself had become a city republic, which from 1260 was dominated by the house of della Scala until it was conquered by Venice in 1405. The territories ruled by the Patriarch of Aqileias was also conquered by Venice in 1420

Duchy of Friuli

c. 568-580 c. 568-590 590-610 610-617 610-617 617-651 651-663 663-666 666 666-678 678-? ?-694 694 694-705 705 705-706 706-739	Grasulf I Gisulf I Gisulf II Tasso Kakko Grasulf II Ago Lupus Arnefrid Wechtar Landar Rodoald Ansfrid Ado Ferdulf Corvulus Pemmo
739-744	Ratchis
744-749	Aistulf
749-751 751-774 774-776	Anselm Peter Hrodgaud
776-787 789-799 799-808 808-817 817-819 819-828 828-846 846-863	Frankish dukes Marcarius Eric Hunfrid Aio Cadalaus Balderic Divided into four counties Eberhard
Margraviate of Friuli
863-874 874- c. 890 c. 890-896 896-951	Unruoch Berengar I
	Walfred Direct rule by the king (Berengar I to 924)
Margraviate of Verona
952-955	Enrico I
955-976	Enrico II
976-1151	In personal union with Carinthia
1151-1160	Ermanno III
1160-1183	Ermanno IV

The margraviate is dissolved into smaller city states after the peace of Konstanz 1183

The city of Verona itself  had since 1136 been an autonomous commune where Ghibbellines loyal to the emperor and Guelphs loyal to the pope struggled for power. Most of the former margraviate had already in 1077 been granted to the Patriarch of Aquileia. This was an ordinary bishopric whose bishop had taken the title patriarch in the sixth century in a failed attempt to free his diocese from papal authority. From 1077 was Aquileia however a capitol in a ecclesiastical principality, which was one of Italy's most important states until it (together with Verona) was conquered by Venice.

Verona and Aquileia are conquered by Venice in 1405 and 1420 respectively

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