Uppland Regiment was the highest-ranking provincial infantry regiment and was used extensively during Sweden's Age of Greatness. Some part of the regiment was almost always outside of Uppland until 1680, when it was allowed to stay home until the outbreak of the Great Northern War. During this war, Uppland Regiment participated in most major battles and distinguished itself at Poltava, where it was completely wiped out because it remained standing when the surrounding regiments fled.

Organisational History

Like the other provincial regiments, Uppland Regiment can trace its origins to the 16th-century fänikor, which were recruited through conscription. A fänika originally consisted of about 500 men, but their size shrank over time, and in the early 17th century they were renamed companies and were combined into larger units called regiments. Gustav II Adolf organised the army into "land regiments" that were recruited from a designated geographical area. These land regiments in turn usually formed three "field regiments" that were sent out on campaigns. However, the field regiments quickly replaced the land regiments entirely.

However, for Uppland, development was slower than for most other provincial regiments. It is true that there was already an Uppland regiment in 1613, which in 1617 formed the backbone of the Uppland Land Regiment (which also included Västmanland and Dalarna). However, a stable organisation for an Uppland provincial regiment would not become a reality until the 1630s. The territory of the land regiment was in practice only a recruitment area, and during the second half of the 1620s there were two Uppland field units that lived their own lives, like the fänikor of the previous period. In fact, it was not until 1630 that we can speak of a unified Uppland regiment, which according to the constitution of 1634 was to consist of eight companies and have the highest rank of all provincial regiments. However, the number of companies and their strength varied during the 17th century depending on the need for men. And it was still common for parts of the regiment to be in different places. Except for queen Christina's coronation in 1650, the entire regiment was never at home in Uppland during a period of 60 years that extended until the end of the Scanian War.

At the time of Kristina's coronation, Uppland Regiment had a peacetime strength of ten companies. More companies were raised during the wars of Charles X Gustav, but after the peace of 1660 the regiment was reorganised again into ten companies, four of which were stationed as garrison troops in Pomerania and six remained in Uppland. Further transfers of companies took place during the interwar period of 1660-1674, but the regiment was mainly divided into a German and an Uppland part. Companies in Germany merged when their manpower declined, and redundant officers were then sent home to take over newly raised companies in Uppland. When the Scanian War broke out in 1675, eight companies were in Germany and two in Uppland. After almost four years of war, what remained of the German part was captured by the Danes in 1678. Continued recruitment in the homeland had however gradually expanded the home part of the Uppland regiment, which eventually became eight companies strong and replaced the field regiment in Germany entirely.

It took time for the regiment to reach the desired peacetime strength of eight companies of 150 men each (1,200 men in total). At the muster in August 1682, the regiment consisted of only 875 men. However, the parliament (Riksdag) decided that same year to reform the Swedish military organisation. Instead of irregularly recurring conscriptions with uncertain results, the peasants in each province would be responsible for recruiting and maintaining a certain number of soldiers (the younger allotment system or "yngre indelningsverket” in Swedish). The peasants of Uppland signed a contract with the crown on 27 October 1682 (confirmed by the king on 5 December) to divide the province into rotar, each responsible for one soldier. The work of creating the rotar was completed in the spring of 1684. But since Livregementet till häst also organised most of its rusthåll (= the cavalry equivalent to rotar) in Uppland, an adjustment of Uppland Regiment’s rotar became necessary to distribute the burden evenly. This was completed in 1692, although some work remained with the indelningar that would support the officers’ economic compensation. From 1696 onwards, the companies were given district names instead of being named after their commanders as before. Thus, Uppland Regiment had the following organisation with 1,200 men divided into eight companies that would apply throughout the 18th century.

Company	Districts (rotar)	The map shows the geographical distribution of Uppland Regiment, and which parts of the province recruited for Västmanland regiment (white) and the navy (dark grey). The light grey Färentuna district (present day Ekerö municipality) was completely outside the allotment system. The numbers for sailors are for peacetime. In wartime they were doubled.
Colonel's	Örbyhus (114), Norunda (36)
Major's (Olands)	Oland (146), Frösåker (4)
Rasbo	Rasbo (52), Vaksala (47), Närdinghundra (42), Norunda (6), Långhundra (3)
Hundra härad	Seminghundra (54), Långhundra (53), Ärlinghundra (24), Sjuhundra (19)
Sigtuna	Håbo (46), Ärlinghundra (44), Lagunda (27), Bro (23), Trögd (10)
Lieutenant Colonel's  (Enköpings)	Åsunda (80), Trögd (70)
Hagunda	Hagunda (62), Trögd (47), Lagunda (41)
Uppsala	Bälinge (67), Ulleråker (43), Norunda (37), Hagunda (2), Rasbo (1)
Väsby and Salberg (Västmanland Regiment)	Torstuna (86),  Våla (61), Simtuna (97).
North Roslagen Naval Company (280 man)	Örbyhus (28), Oland (33), Frösåker (74), Öregrund (4), Östhammar (9),  Häverö (20), Närdinghundra (11), Sjuhundra (19), Väddö (36), Lyhundra (45), Frötuna (1),
South Roslagen Naval Company (269 man)	Frötuna (59), Bro (20), Vätö (18), Åker (33), Vallentuna (23), Långhundra (17), Sollentuna (27), Danderyd (26), Värmdö (39).
Stockholm Naval Company (134 man)	Stockholm (100), Södertälje (10), Mariefred (4), Strängnäs (8), Torshälla (7), Eskilstuna (5)
The Uppland cities also contributed sailors, but apart from Öregrund and Östhammar it is not clear from my source which companies they were allocated to (but if not the Roslagen companies, they were included in the "Uppstädernas company"): Uppsala (25), Enköping (10), Sigtuna (3), Norrtälje (10).

Additional Troops in the Scanian War

When the Scanian War broke out, there was a need to expand the army. In addition to the regular regiment, additional men were therefore raised by conscripting every sixth man in Uppland. These were called “sexmänningar” (six-men-ings) and they were promised that their military service would only last for the duration of the war. However, it took until January 1681, at the joint muster with Uppland Regiment, before the then 329 six-men were discharged. This happened despite a major shortage of men in the regular regiment, which at that time only consisted of 454 men.

I have not come across any further information about the Uppland six-men in the literature and neither colours nor uniforms are known. Bergström, who has written the history of Uppland regiment, mentions that Uppland men possibly participated in the campaign in Blekinge in 1677, which resulted in the recapture of Kristianopel and Karlshamn. The uncertainty in this information could be interpreted as meaning that it was not the regular regiment but the six-men who participated. Incidentally, the Västmanland six-men fought in the same campaign without participation from their parent regiment.

Additional Troops in the Great Northern War

The same part of the allotment system that recruited the Uppland regiment was given the task of raising an additional 400 men in 1700. This was done by bringing the rotar together into groups of three who would recruit an extra soldier, a so-called tremänning (three-men-ing). These were then combined with the 3-männings from Västmanland and the Dal Regiment to form the 1,200-man Uppland 3-männing Regiment, whose colonel was the later famous general Adam Ludvig Lewenhaupt. The recruitment took place in violation of the allotment system’s contract, but the peasants were promised that the 3-männings would not leave their homeland. However, this promise was also broken when the 3-männingg regiment was transferred to the Baltic at the same time as Uppland regiment in April 1701. Once there, the regiment was split when one battalion accompanied the main army to Poland in 1702 while the other remained in the Baltic. A reorganisation then took place in 1703 when the battalion in the main army was incorporated into the Livgarde (Life Guards) while the Uppland 3-männing Regiment was compensated by receiving a battalion from the disbanded Östgöta-Södermanland 3-männing Regiment. Under Lewenhaupt's command, the latter participated in the battles of Jakobstadt, Gemäuerthof and Lesnaya. The latter battle resulted though in such a large loss of equipment that the regiment was disbanded, and the men transferred to the Livgarde in 1708.

However, the 3-männings were not sufficient for the army's needs and in 1703 the peasants were ordered to set up five-männing regiments by combining the rotar into groups of five to provide an additional soldier. Uppland's 240 five-männings were combined with the 5-männings from Västmanland, Dalarna and Södermanland to form the 960-man Uppland 5-männing Regiment. This regiment was allowed to remain in the homeland and participated in the Battle of Helsingborg in 1710 together with its parent regiment. It was converted into the Stralsund Garrison Regiment in 1720.

The 3- and 5-männing regiments were a one-off recruitment and the peasants did not have to replace their losses. However, this did not prevent them from being forced to set up a new 3-männing regiment in 1712 in the same way as the last time. Although, this time the regiment was allowed to remain in the homeland until it was disbanded in 1719. The men were then transferred to the Guard, the Östgöta-Södermanland 3-männing regiment and others.

Colonels and Battles
(Green background indicates victories, red background defeats and grey background a Pyrrhic victory)

Uppland Regiment was disbanded in 1957

Uppland Regiment also has Varberg 1565 and Narva 1581 as official victory names.

Scanian War

Parts of Uppland Regiment had been garrisoned in Germany during the interwar period 1660-1674. The Uppland force in Germany was reinforced in the summer of 1673 so that it consisted of eight companies while two companies were still at home in Uppland. The German part was cut off from the homeland early on and did not receive any new recruits during the war. It therefore steadily shrank until the remainder was captured by the Danes in December 1678. Instead, the part at home was expanded so that it finally consisted of eight companies. However, neither the German nor the Swedish part of Uppland regiment was usually concentrated in one place. During the Scanian War, the Uppland men were scattered across several different garrison towns, naval commands and field armies from Greifswald to Jämtland.

Germany

Since 1668, the Uppland force in Germany had been stationed in Wismar and in the spring of 1675, they consisted of 123 officers, 32 drummers and 788 privates distributed into eight companies. Uppland Regiment did not participate in the initial campaign in Brandenburg in the summer of 1675. Their first action in the Scanian war was therefore the defence of Wismar, which from 6 November was besieged by Danish and Austrian troops. The fortress was forced to capitulate on 13 December and Uppland Regiment was granted safe passage to Stralsund, were it stayed for a while. When the regiment was mustered on 14 February 1676, it had a force consisting of 142 officers & NCOs and 331 privates. Its casualties consisted of 309 deserters, 210 killed and beaten, 21 captured and 3 sent home.

The German part of the regiment seems to have been reduced to five companies during 1676. On 24 October 1676, four companies were stationed in Greifswald, while a company with 18 officers and 77 privates was in the Neufehr redoubt on Rügen. An ensign and 100 men had also participated in the siege of Wolgast. In the autumn of 1677, all five companies were in Greifswald, which then consisted of 59 officers, 16 enlisted men and 176 privates. The first two personnel categories were stable, while the number of privates had fallen to 166 men at New Year 1678 and 162 men in March. In July 1678, the number of officers & NCOs had increased to 93 and the number of musicians to 22 men, while the number of privates had fallen to 150 men.

Uppland Regiment participated in the Battle of Rügen on 6 January 1678, which resulted in Sweden temporarily reconquering Rügen. But on 15 November, Greifswald, which had been defended by the Uppland men, surrendered. Uppland Regiment was granted safe passage to Sweden when they surrendered and after a short stay on Usedom, they sailed from Peenemünde on 4 December. Unfortunately, a storm caused the transport fleet to run aground on Bornholm. The Uppland men who did not drown were captured by the Danes.

Sweden

The two companies at home were mustered in Stockholm on 26 July 1675 with a strength of 36 officers & NCOs and 250 privates, which were intended to be sent to Germany. Only minor commands at various Uppland castles were to remain in Sweden (an NCO and 30 men at Drottningholm Castle, 4 men at Uppsala Castle, 5 at Svartsjö and 2 at Danvik Castle). The naval expedition carrying recruits to Germany set sails in October, but it did not get further than Gotland before it was forced to return due to bad weather. The transport fleet was also severely ravaged by disease and in the end only seven Uppland men were healthy.

From 19 May 1676, 8 officers, 12 non-commissioned officers, 13 corporals, 7 drummers and 260 privates were commandeered to the navy and participated in the Battle of Öland on 1 June.

In December 1676, the home-based part of the Uppland regiment formed a battalion that joined the main army in Svenstorp a few days after the Battle of Lund. On 11 December, the Uppland men then marched with the main army via Södervidinge, Vadensjö and Råå to Helsingborg, which was taken in December (the city on the 13th and the fortress on the 30th). The Upland men were then stationed in Bälteberga (between Helsingborg and Landskrona) from where they departed on 9 January 1677. They followed the main army through Trolösa, Näs, Stegehelgd over the ice of Ringsjön, Bosjökloster, Höör, Espinge and to Vä, after which they blockaded Kristianstad. Possibly the Upland men participated in the campaign in Blekinge where Kristianopel and Karlshamn were recaptured. After that, it seems that the Upland men returned home to recruit more men.

On 18-21 May 1677, six companies were mustered in Märsta (109 officers & NCOs and 792 privates). In addition to these, there were then 174 men in Scania and 55 men in Kalmar. The force in Märsta marched to Stockholm where it arrived on 31 May. On 2 June it went to Dalarö and boarded the ships on 6 and 7 June. They left behind 44 men who were sick, and the troops commandeered to the navy then consisted of 89 officers & NCOs, 11 drummers and 690 privates. The navy then participated in the unfortunate battle of Køge Bay on 1 July and returned to Dalarö on 9 July where the Uppland med disembarked. The losses in the battle must have been considerable. The six companies were mustered in Stockholm on 24 September and then had a strength of just 33 officers & NCOs and 142 privates (19 men were commandeered and 12 were sick).

In Kalmar there were also remnants of an Uppland company that was supposed to have been sent to Pomerania. According to a roll from 30 July 1677, there were 5 healthy and 72 sick in several places, one non-commissioned officer and 31 privates are said to have fallen in the "battle". These were still in Kalmar in January 1678. On 11 April of the same year, there were 53 Uppland men from five different companies in Kalmar. On the same day, 1 officer, 4 non-commissioned officers, 4 corporals and 88 privates were mustered in Stockholm and sent to Vaxholm from where they returned to Stockholm on 18 November.

In the summer of 1678, three companies were commandeered to the navy. They were mustered in Uppsala on 7 May and consisted of 258 privates. Some of the Uppland men disembarked in Kalmar from where they marched to Asarum on 4 August. The Uppland men were then stationed at Karlshamn to both defend the coast and prevent Snapphan activity. In November, the Uppland men were garrisoned in Kristianstad where they remained until 22 June 1679.

During 1678, the regiment also had troops in Jämtland (two companies), Kalmar and Vaxholm. The force in Jämtland had marched there from Stockholm in October 1677 and numbered 6 officers, 12 non-commissioned officers, 5 corporals, 1 drummer and 188 privates. They were part of the force that reconquered Jämtland in November. The Uppland men remained there in February 1679 and probably participated in the march against the Røros copper works in Trondheim County in July.

On 5-9 May 1679, three companies were mustered in Uppsala with 54 officers & NCOs and 263 privates. These, together with the older soldiers, were to appear in Kalmar and be commandeered to the navy. 180 conscripts arrived there and on 22 June the garrison in Kristianstad also arrived. After the naval assignment, the Uppland men returned to Kristianstad where in November 1679 they are reported to have had a force of 18 non-commissioned officers and 219 privates. At the same time, 2 non-commissioned officers and 18 privates were sick in Asarum, 3 non-commissioned officers and 31 privates were sick in Kalmar and 8 non-commissioned officers and 84 privates were sick in Ronneby and Lyckeby.

After the end of the war, all Uppland men returned to Uppland. However, a command of 3 non-commissioned officers, 2 corporals and 150 privates was sent to Landskrona on 24 February 1680 for fortification work.

Great Northern War

Uppland Regiment participated in most of the major battles during the Great Northern War. Uppland men landed with Charles XII at Humlebæk in 1700 and dug trenches at Halden on the same evening that Charles XII fell in 1718. In between, they were victorious at Düna, Kliszow, Praga, Holowczyn and Helsingborg. The regiment was completely wiped out at Poltava, where it remained on the battlefield while others fled. The second half of the war was unfortunately less glorious. The restored regiment stood out by having inadequate equipment and many of the soldiers had to go barefoot. However, by the time of the Norwegian campaign in 1718, the deficiencies had been remedied and Uppland was counted among the best regiments in the Swedish army.

From Humlebæk to Poltava

When the war broke out, Uppland Regiment was sent to Karlskrona where it embarked on the fleet on 14 June. Uppland regiment was part of the force that landed at Humlebæk on 25 July and forced the Danes to sue for peace. On 19 August Uppland regiment left Denmark and was shipped over to Landskrona from where they marched home again. The long period onboard naval ships had resulted in high level of sickness which meant that the regiment was unable to participate in the subsequent campaign in Estonia. The extent of the sickness is illustrated by a company that reported on 22 September that its losses were 3 dead and 41 sick.

Uppland regiment returned to the main army when it was transferred to the Baltic in the spring of 1701 and was mustered by Charles XII in Dorpat on 16 June. The regiment then followed the king's marches across Poland and participated in the battles of Düna and Kliszow and the siege of Thorn. In the battle of Düna, one major, two non-commissioned officers, a drummer and 33 of the men rank-and-file were killed (three of the latter disappeared without a trace on the battlefield). The wounded consisted of two ensigns, 6 non-commissioned officers and 86 corporals and privates. Unfortunately, no loss figures for the battle of Kliszow are reported in Uppland's regimental history, which, unlike those for other regiments, is not particularly extensive. This is illustrated by how the number of recruits who arrived at the regiment is reported in the incomplete table below, which is based on Otto Bergström's book.

Otto Bergström writes (p. 88) that a total of 239 recruits had filled vacancies between April 1701 and March 1704. According to the allotment system, vacancies were to be filled with new recruits at least once a year. When the regiment was to be restored in 1709, there were 91 recruits in Riga who had not been able to join the main army (the 1708 contingent), according to Holm (p. 121).

In July 1705, Uppland Regiment left the main army to join the garrison in Warsaw, where it arrived at the end of the month. On 14 October, Uppland Regiment participated in the Battle of Praga outside Warsaw, in which a force of 100 Uppland men under the command of captain Axel Bure distinguished themselves by fending off enemy attacks until reinforcements arrived. Bure was wounded and most of his force were killed. In the battle, Valentin Daldorff was also wounded in the head (he became the new colonel a month later) and an ensign was mortally wounded.

On New Year's Eve 1705, the regiment rejoined the main army that was marching against the Russians in Grodno. After the threat from the Russian army had been eliminated, the army slowly marched towards Saxony, which was invaded at the end of August. The army remained there for a year, and the Uppland regiment was stationed in Martin Luther's hometown of Wittenberg until 23 August 1707.

During the Russian campaign, the regiment participated in the Battle of Holowczyn where a lieutenant was wounded in the head and "several of the regiment fell" according to Bergström. Anders Pihlström's diary has more detailed information and mentions that 5 privates were killed, and that the wounded consisted of 5 officers, 4 non-commissioned officers and 44 privates.

The next war event was the storming of the fortress of Veprik in Ukraine on 7 January 1709. This was led by Uppland's Colonel De Frietzcky, who was killed together with his lieutenant colonel, with command passing to Skaraborg's colonel. Veprik fell, but the regiment's losses were high. In addition to the two staff officers, two more officers, six non-commissioned officers and 99 men were killed. The wounded consisted of 11 officers (one of whom was mortally wounded) and 202 men.

Even worse were the losses at the Battle of Poltava on 28 June 1709, where the regiment stood firm while others fled and was therefore wiped out. Of the 600 men who took part in the battle, none returned, and the only ones who surrendered at Perevolochna were 70 men who had been at the baggage train. Of the regiment's 52 officers, 32 were killed (62% of the total number and by a good margin the highest percentage of deaths). Twelve wounded and three uninjured officers were taken prisoner on the battlefield, while two were missing after the battle. A lieutenant and an ensign who had stayed at the baggage train managed to get to the Ottoman Empire with Charles XII and then took part in the “kalabalik” at Bender. But these two were all that remained of the regiment that had been victorious at Humlebæk, Düna, Kliszow, Praga and Holowczyn.

The Restored Regiment 1709-1721

When the army was restored after Poltava, Uppland stood out by taking longer time to be completed. The call to recruit the regiments was sent on 7 September 1709 and on 13 October the colonels were ordered to start training the men. However, this was not possible for Uppland as only 300 men had been recruited at that time. When it received the order to march to Scania on 17 January 1710, 1036 men had been recruited but much of the equipment was still missing. In the Battle of Helsingborg, for example, it fought without colours and almost no soldiers had swords. The lack of equipment, especially shoes, was to be a long running problem for the regiment, which was in such poor condition that it could not be included in the field army that was transferred to Pomerania in 1712. Magnus Stenbock noted that "the men resembled beggars more than soldiers".

The cause of the delay and misery seems to have been primarily the governor of Uppland, Johan Hoghusen, who showed too much consideration for the complaints of the peasants about how their poverty prevented them from fulfilling their obligations. However, there is nothing to suggest that Uppland were worse off than other parts of the country, and yet the other governors managed to carry out the restoration much quicker and smoother than Hoghusen.

In the Battle of Helsingborg, the regiment participated with 976 men (including officers). The major and the regimental quartermaster were killed, while the colonel and a captain were mortally wounded. A further 5 officers and 5 non-commissioned officers were wounded. Of the men, 35 were killed and 101 were wounded. The care of the wounded was made more difficult by the fact that the regiment did not yet have any field surgeons or field surgeon assistants.

According to a muster roll from 25 May 1710, the regiment reported that it had 275 vacancies. These were due to 197 soldiers having died, 16 being missing after the Battle of Helsingborg, 6 having deserted and 56 rotar having been vacant already at the time of the march from Uppland. At the muster in Ystad on 25 August 1710, 411 men were listed as present. 97 men as being commandeered to Riga (which had been captured by the Russians on 4 July!) and 108 men commandeered near Ystad, 35 absent, 129 sick in Ystad and 326 sick elsewhere. 94 rotar were vacant. The vacancies rose during the autumn of 1710 to 428 men, but only 230 men were recruited at the same time. A year later at the beginning of 1712, 192 rotar were vacant and on 5 February 1713, there were 217 vacancies.

In 1713, 100 men were sent to Stralsund to join its garrison, which from September included an entire Uppland battalion that was still there in November. But apart from this and recurring contingents sent to serve on the navy, the Uppland regiment remained at home in Sweden. Although, the time from November 1716 and the whole of 1717 is unknown, since the regiment's journals are completely missing for that period. It is likely that documents in the regiment's archives were reused for some other purpose at some point.

The period of misery seems to have passed, however, when a muster was held on 4 May 1715 and the colonel was praised for his well-trained men who "are now one of the best regiments ready for His Royal Majestys service". The vacancies were then only 68 men and at general muster in 1718 the regiment was 1182 strong so it was almost complete when the Norwegian campaign began (74 men were, however, ordered to Åland from April to October where peace negotiations with Russia were underway). On the evening of 30 November, 279 Uppland men were ordered to dig trenches at Fredriksten fortress, so it was perhaps their work that Charles XII was supervising when he was killed that day. The return journey to Sweden in the middle of winter was arduous and on 24 March 1719 only 619 men were fit for duty, 457 were sick and 177 rotar were vacant (the total is 1253 because extra enlisted soldiers called furirskyttar had been introduced into the war organisation). At the muster on 14 September of the same year, 836 men were present, 16 were sick, 8 were at Vaxholm, 1 was promoted, 1 remained in Värmland, 37 were dismissed, 3 had deserted and 298 rotar were vacant.

After the Norwegian campaign, the regiment was stationed near Stockholm until 8 September 1721, when they marched back to their homes. Thus, the Great Northern War was over for the Uppland Regiment.

Naval Service

In the autumn of 1710, a company under the command of Captain Ulf served on the navy. On 20 August 1711, 150 were ordered to Halmstad to board the fleet, but they were still in Halmstad in October when they were ordered to march to Karlskrona. They sailed from there on 24 November as crew on a transport fleet that landed several regiments in Pomerania. Another company left Karlskrona on 23 August 1712 as crew on the transport fleet that transferred 10,000 men to Pomerania. These poorly dressed commandeered soldiers were hit hard by a plague epidemic that broke out on the fleet. Possibly the entire regiment was thereafter commandeered to the navy.

In February 1713, 87 men were commandeered to the navy and remained there until 5 December, fighting against the Russians in the Finnish archipelago. In April 1714, 358 men were commandeered to the navy, and these participated in the Battle of Hangöudd (Gangut) on 27 July where 68 Uppland men were either killed or captured.

In 1715 too, Uppland contributed men to the navy since 222 men were at sea on 20 May and participated in a battle against the Danes.

On 24 March 1720 the regiment received orders to march to Stockholm and in April 800 men were on board the fleet. However, this seems to have been a temporary command, as on 3 May the regiment participated in a parade during Frederick I's coronation in Stockholm.

Uppland Uniforms

Charles X Gustav's War

Scanian War

Great Northern War

Seven Years' War

The few pieces of information we have indicate that Uppland Regiment wore grey uniforms during the first half of the 17th century, which was apparently a common colour for Swedish regiments at the time. However, the grey colour was abolished for all regiments when Sweden's first uniform regulation was issued in 1655. At that time, Uppland Regiment was to have red clothes, and their uniform probably also contained yellow so that they wore the colours of their province. However, the yellow colour cannot be confirmed until 1672 and in between Uppland had worn blue uniforms. The blue colour replaced the red permanently in 1691 when the Carolean uniform was introduced and after that Uppland Regiment was always dressed in the Swedish blue and yellow colours.

Uppland's Oldest Uniforms

Before 1655?

1655

1666

1672-1683

1683-1691

The first information about Uppland uniforms is from 1620 when soldiers from this province were issued 250 jackets with yellow and black trim. The main colour of the jackets is not mentioned, and this may be because they were made of undyed wool (= grey) or that the colour varied between the companies. Höglund mentions that Uppland regiment in 1630 was issued 8256 ells of grey kersey to be used for uniforms. On 5 April 1645, it is mentioned that the Uppland men "are so destitute of clothing that they will soon have nothing to wear".

The next notice is from Charles X Gustav's wedding in October 1654 when six Uppland companies were part of a troop parade and had been issued new uniforms for this event. These were either blue or grey, but the Uppland soldiers were probably dressed in grey this time as well and it should have been the Södermanland regiment that received the blue colour. A few months later, Sweden received its first uniform regulation and Uppland was then to have red jackets and breeches (Södermanland was to have blue, and no regiment was to have a grey uniform). The uniforms that were issued in 1654 also had edges, cuffs and lining in a different colour, which was not mentioned.

Four companies that were to be sent to Stralsund for garrison duty were in 16664 issued broadcloth divided into three categories. The officers received 136 ells of fine grey broadcloth, the non-commissioned officers received 373 ells of blue broadcloth and the rank-and-file received 2204 ells of blue broadcloth.

The blue uniform from 1666 was, however, temporary. During drills in Stockholm in August 1672 it is mentioned that 200 Uppland soldiers had uniforms consisting of red broadcloth and yellow baize. An undated letter from 1672 or 1673 also mentions that Uppland was to have red clothes. Furthermore, a song from 1674 contains the lyrics that the Uppland soldiers "are dressed in red and had been blue". Finally, the uniform regulation from 15 March 1675 states that Uppland was to have red clothes with yellow cuffs and edges.

Höglund writes that Uppland had red coats with yellow cuffs and edges and red breeches in 1675, 1676, 1678 and 1679. However, Bergström mentions (page 311) that the waistcoat and breeches were made of leather in 1675. Höglund further writes that in 1676 the Uppland soldiers had a black hat and that the drivers in 1678 had grey uniforms. In 1679, stockings made of sewn wadmal or knitted wool are mentioned. The non-commissioned officers had grey coats in the same year.

According to a parliamentary decision from 1682, the regiment was to be raised to full strength and receive new uniforms by May 1683 at the latest. A source from March 1683 states that 300 men had not yet received their uniforms. However, the entire regiment should have received uniforms by March 1684 at the latest, as it was then mustered for the first time since the end of the war. A list of the army's uniforms from June 1683 states red clothes with yellow cuffs for Uppland. Other sources also confirm that the uniform issued at this time was red with yellow. In addition, the Uppland regiments had hats despite the current uniform regulation that all provincial regiments should have karpus. Asker also states that the breeches were most likely made of leather and that the woollen belts mentioned later were probably acquired at this time.

Since the colours (flags) that were issued in 1683 were supposed to be nacra-red (light red, pink) according to m/1682, the uniforms that were issued at this time may also have had that shade instead of the more common red shades. The nacra shade may have been introduced earlier. Read more about this in the section on colours.

Uppland's Carolean Uniforms

Uppland received its first Carolean uniforms in the summer of 1691, replacing the previous red coats with yellow cuffs that the regiment received in 1683/1684. The red coats were, however, still to be worn during company and battalion drills and work assignments to spare the regular uniforms. The new Carolean uniform was thus in peacetime only used at the annual regimental drills and was still in use when the Great Northern War broke out. Some items of clothing were replaced in April 1701, but the ten-year-old coats were retained. Charles XII wrote a letter to Magnus Stenbock in November 1702 in which he mentioned that Uppland was one of five regiments in the main army that were "ill-equipped with clothing" and wanted Stenbock to raise funds (contributions from the Poles) to be able to remedy the worst deficiencies. New coats must therefore have been issued in 1703, since in June 1704 the regiment received new waistcoats and breeches to replace those issued in 1701. The regiment was probably issued new uniforms during its stay in Saxony in 1706-1707, but we lack evidence for this. The descriptions of the recruits' uniforms in 1707 and 1708, however, are a clue to what the uniforms might have looked like during the Russian campaign.

In the Battle of Poltava, Uppland Regiment was wiped out and thus everything had to be procured anew when it was to be restored in the autumn of 1709-1710. Unfortunately, Uppland stood out by taking a very long time to be completed and it participated in the Scanian campaign of 1710 with very inadequate equipment. It would take several years before all the deficiencies were addressed and although the uniforms were in relatively good condition during the Norwegian campaign of 1718, the condition became increasingly worse during the last years of the Great Northern War.

The table below gives an idea of ​​what Uppland's constant shortage of equipment looked like and how deliveries of equipment came piece by piece during the 1710s.

Reported Deficiencies and Delivered Equipment

Liberty Age Uniforms

In the last years of the Great Northern War, the uniform was again worn out. In 1718, it was mainly the cloaks that received complaints. At the muster in 1719, there were only 312 cloaks left, and the uniform was generally considered worn out. Work clothes (including two pairs of "Swedish shoes") that were supposed to be issued each year had not been delivered that year. In 1720, the uniforms were in very poor condition. Almost all the hats and more than half of the coats were worn out. The 231 leather waistcoats were half worn out, while the 870 yellow broadcloth waistcoats were in worse condition. A smaller part of the leather breeches were "mostly worn out" while about half were unusable. Five out of six stockings were worn out, which also applied to the "German" shoes to a somewhat lesser extent. At this muster too, no work clothes had been issued since 1718, but this would happen before the end of the year. In 1721 the condition was even worse, except for yellow stockings and a small number of gloves which were new. The soldiers had previously bought with their own money a pair of grey and a pair of yellow stockings each, as well as gaiters of black leather which were now worn out.

Didrik Henning Meijendorff von Yxkull, captain at Uppland Regiment 1732-1736. He was granted a discharge in 1736 but received the titular rank of lieutenant colonel in 1750. The portrait cannot have been painted earlier than 1748 because he wears the badge of the Royal Order of the Sword.

The uniform for Uppland's non-commissioned officers was simplified in 1721 so that they would only have silver lace on their hats. Previously, they had also had them around the cuffs, collar and pockets according to Bergström (page 312). From 1735 onwards, the blue colour of the collar, cuffs and lining as well as the waistcoat and breeches were changed to chamois yellow for the infantry's non-commissioned officers (Bellander page 297). Information about officers is missing, but the portrait on the right is from the mid-18th century and shows an officer's coat without lace that was still all blue. The portrait also has gold buttons (without the provincial coat of arms on them) but when m/1765 was introduced, Uppland officers were allowed to have silver-plated buttons if they so wished.

In August 1724, a uniform was decided for the ran and file of Uppland regiment, which was to consist of a blue coat with yellow collar, cuffs and lining. The small clothes consisted of a yellow waistcoat made of broadcloth and both goatskin breeches and reindeer skin breeches. In addition, a hat with a white camel hair lace and regulation shoes. The drummers were to have the reversed colours so that the coat was yellow with blue collar, cuffs and lining and a blue waistcoat. It is not mentioned in my source (Ericson) when or if this uniform was issued, but the other regiments whose uniforms were decided at the same time, received their uniforms in 1727-28.

The next time Uppland's uniforms are described is in 1736 (Bergström, page 312). At that time, the men's uniform consisted of a blue coat with yellow lining, yellow waistcoat and breeches made of broadcloth, yellow stockings, shoes with buckles and hats with white lace. In the 1730s, "night caps" are mentioned. These were used at night when on guard duty. In January 1740, the regiment was granted breeches made of reindeer skin. All soldiers were then required to wear queues on their necks and have moustaches. Those with poor beard growth were allowed to make moustaches out of beard wax. Bellander writes (page 316) that in 1747 Uppland was one of five regiments that had worn their uniforms for the longest time.

The regiment received grenadier caps in 1748 when the king gave them the plates, while the company commanders had to pay for the rest of the grenadier caps. The plates were in use until 1795 and one of them has been preserved (see picture below). The motif consists of a burning grenade at the top. In the middle is the small national coat of arms in a crowned shield surrounded by dragon wings, colours and trumpets. At the bottom is the coat of arms of Uppland.

The uniforms worn during the Seven Year's War (1757-1762) have not been described in the literature. However, the uniform regulation from 1756 stipulated that all infantry regiments should have an identical uniform consisting of a blue cloak with a yellow collar and brass buckles, a blue coat with pewter buttons, yellow broadcloth for the cuffs and collar, and yellow baize for the lining. Waistcoat and breeches made of yellow broadcloth, hat with white lace, black neckcloth, white wool stockings, and shoes with brass buckles.

When the war ended, Uppland's uniforms were considered so worn out that they should be discarded. Non-commissioned officers, professional drummers received new uniforms paid for by the crown, the latter with white lace on the coats. But the privates had to be content with the existing uniforms being repaired and supplemented. Completely new uniforms were not issued until 1771, by which time the uniform regulation from 1765 (see pictures below) had come into force and replaced the classic Carolean uniform model. Uppland's uniform colours remained blue and yellow, but a novelty was that the coat had yellow lapels and double rows of buttons (made of brass). In addition, the cuffs and lapels now had white lace as decorations. The officers' and NCO’s uniforms did not have white lace, but at least the officers had buttons with the coat of arms of Uppland (an orb). This is evident from the officer portrait of Carl Johan Schultzenheim shown further down.

According to Markelius, the provost sergeant (regementsväbel) received a new uniform in 1762, which consisted of a blue coat with white lace and which had the coat of arms of Uppland embroidered on both the chest and back. Bergström has cited (p. 313) a journal describing the uniform of a fältväbel (highest NCO rank) in 1758, but it is probably the provost sergeant who is referred to. The uniform would in any case consist of a hat with silver lace, a blue coat with cuffs, lining and collar in chamois, silver-plated buttons, the Uppland coat of arms embroidered in gold and cords on the chest and back, and both coat and vest adorned with lace of yellow, white and red camel hair yarn. Vest and breeches were of chamois colour. The provost sergeant was responsible for maintaining order and carrying out punishments. His assistants were the provosts who, according to Bergström's source, were supposed to look "terrifying" and therefore wore bearskin caps with silver plates. With the exception of the embroidered Uppland coat of arms, their uniforms were otherwise similar to the provost sergeant's". Markelius mentions that the provost uniforms that were acquired towards the end of the war were decorated with white and red lace. When new uniforms were issued in 1771, the provost sergeant and the regimental drummer received coats with silver lace instead of embroidery and camel hair yarn. The provosts received caps made of yellow broadcloth and bearskin with silver plate as well as white and red cords. Their coats were also adorned with lace.

The pictures of m/1765 uniforms above and below show two variations of gaiters. The black ones were used on campaign while the white ones were intended for parades. Also note the differences in the hats, which show how fashion changed during the 1770s. The front of the tricorne hats became increasingly flatter as part of a development towards a bicorne. During the 1770s, a yellow plume was also added to the hat as a distinguishing trait of the Swedish army.

Gustavian Uniforms

When the Gustavian age began in 1772, Uppland regiment had new m/1765 uniforms that had been issued the year before. However, the then fourteen-year-old cloaks had not been replaced in 1771 and half of them were now worn out. The grenadiers had received new caps that reused the plates from 1748, which were of brass for the privates and silver-plated for the non-commissioned officers. The grenadier caps also had cases of some kind, which may indicate that they were of a new type with real bearskin or imitation horsehair.

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Officer and musketeer in uniform m/1779 (drawn by Carl Gustaf Roos in 1783)

Grenadier in uniform m/1792 (issued in 1796)

When Gustav III designed his National Costume in 1778, the old m/1765 uniforms were soon after remade into m/1779 uniforms, which were worn by the regiment at the muster in 1780. The only colours that changed with m/1779 were that the neckcloth became red and that the breeches became white. The reason that the yellow colour on the breeches was replaced was because the Uppland uniform was considered too similar to the Livgarde. The cut of the uniform, however, changed very significantly with m/1779. The coat was shortened to a jacket, whose colour, as mentioned, retained the dark blue color with yellow lapels, cuffs, collar and piping, as well as the narrow white lace. Under the jacket was worn a yellow vest with blue cuffs and collar.

At the general muster in 1780 it was noted that the pioneers had received caps with brass plates and leather aprons that had been paid for by the regiment.

The 1779 model also meant that gaiters and shoes were to be replaced with blue charivades and boots, both items with yellow edging. However, the boots were not delivered until 1784 and the men had had to pay for the charivades themselves. The m/1765 tricorne hat was to be replaced by a round hat with a brim, but like the boots, new hats were not delivered until the autumn of 1784 and were issued to the men at the general muster the following year. At that muster, the other garments were deemed worn out, but new uniforms did not begin to be procured until November 1786, and the regiment was asked to patch and repair the old uniforms as best they could until new ones were delivered.

The first set of newly manufactured m/1779 uniforms was issued in June 1788 in Stockholm, where the regiment was waiting to be shipped over to Finland for the upcoming war against Russia. The War College subsequently paid clothing allowances to non-commissioned officers, drummers and corporals so that they too could obtain new uniforms. Losses during the war meant that new soldiers were recruited in the spring of 1789. These initially only received “släpmunderingar”, and it is uncertain whether they received proper uniforms before being sent to Finland. In the same year, a general muster was held where the regiment's uniforms were largely deemed worn out. But new uniforms were not issued until 1791, when the war had ended.

When Gustav IV Adolf came of age in 1796, Uppland Regiment participated in a parade in Stockholm. For this purpose, new m/1792 uniforms had been issued to the regiment and these were intended to be used for twelve years. In addition to the general changes to the uniforms that characterised m/1792, including a blue-yellow sash, Uppland Regiment now received a white collar. New grenadier caps replaced the remaining caps from 1771, which had been in such poor condition that they were discarded in 1791.

Another new uniform regulation was introduced already in 1802 and 240 new uniforms were issued the following year. Since it is unlikely that the regiment wore two different uniform models at the same time, we can assume that the remaining 960 uniforms were old m/1792 uniforms that had been re-sewn to match m/1802.

All uniforms were then re-sewn when yet another new uniform regulation was decreed in the spring of 1806. The changes to the jacket were quite easy to adjust because it meant that the lapels were removed and replaced with a single row of buttons. But the older uniforms from 1796 were then so worn that they were subjected to more extensive treatment. They were "turned" by opening the seams and separating the lining and then sewing them back together so that the worn outside of the jackets became the new inside, which was hidden by the lining. The old inside became the new outside and was then in such good condition that the planned replacement date of the uniform was extended to 1815 (twelve years counting from 1803).

Since white broadcloth had already been delivered to the regiment, they were given permission on 30 October 1806 to wear white waistcoats even though these were supposed to be grey according to m/1806. However, the trousers that had been issued before the general muster on 16 June 1806 were probably the regulated grey colour. At the same muster, 1200 shirts were missing, which meant that the soldiers lacked a change. In addition, there were only 605 old cloaks that were probably resewn to match the new model (that had sleeves) since these were present at the battalion in Pomerania in 1807 and there is no evidence in the sources that new cloaks had been delivered. This means that these cloaks were likely blue instead of the regulated grey colour. At the same time, the trousers are considered to have been "unfit", but these may have been replaced with new white trousers made of ticking because the king considered the grey broadcloth trousers to be too warm to wear in Germany.

The blue-yellow sashes that had been part of the m/1792 uniform, but were abolished in 1802, were reintroduced with m/1806. New sashes were purchased in 1807 with the help of grants from the War College, which in 1808 also contributed funds for new hat cords and brass plates.

The battalion that had been stationed in Pomerania returned to Sweden in early 1808 and an inspection of its uniforms on 26 February resulted in all the uniforms being discarded. They probably received new uniforms at the same time. Documentation is missing for these, but Martin Markelius believes that they received the same blue m/1806 uniforms as the battalion at home and not the regulated grey m/1807 uniform. This should then mean that Uppland regiment fought in the Finnish War dressed in blue jackets with a single row of buttons, a white collar and yellow cuffs with white lace, a blue-yellow sash, grey trousers and black gaiters that ended below the knees.

Uppland's Colours

Olof Hoffman's model drawings of Uppland's colonel’s and company colours m/1686

The oldest known colours for the Uppland part of Uppland Land Regiment are from 1621 when they received fabric in yellow and red. Höglund has interpreted these colours as being red with a yellow St. Andrew's cross and the letters GARS in each red field.

Four yellow colours for Uppland Regiment are mentioned in 1651. Later, six colours were made for Charles X Gustav's wedding in 1654. The colouration of them is unknown, but according to Heribert Seitz, they "apparently" consisted of a white colonel’s colour and five red company colours (Holm, page 412). The colonel’s colour is said to have had the national coat of arms as a motif and the painting cost 28 daler copper coins. The painting of the company colours cost 20 daler copper coins each and was done by the same painter as the colonel’s colour, Jakob Elbfas. The following year, six more colours were made, which by all accounts were made of red taffeta. On 28 June 1656, three more red colours were delivered, which were intended for three newly formed companies.

For the funeral of Charles X Gustav in November 1660, ten new colours were issued to contingents from four regiments that were part of the troop parade. Uppland Regiment was one of them and although the colour of its colours is unknown, they were not red this time. The taffeta for the colours had the colours bleumerant (pale blue), blue, green, white and yellow. Since the War College requested funds for a yellow colour for a newly formed company in 1661, yellow colours at the funeral can be considered most likely.

In 1671, the War College unsuccessfully requested funds for red taffeta so that four colours could be delivered in time for a muster. However, they chose to pay for a colonel’s colour and four company colours with painted decoration that same year. When the regiment transferred eight companies to Germany in 1673, these received one white and seven red (incarnate red) colours with openwork finials. These colours were unpainted because the regiment received cash to provide them with painted decor upon arrival in Germany.

Company colours m/1675 that were in use 1675-1683 (and originally pink?)

According to the 1673 colour regulation, Uppland's colours were to have the Uppland provincial coat of arms as a motif (a golden orb) on all colours and a new regulation in 1675 added a laurel wreath and four grenades in the corners. In 1675, Baltzar Friedrich painted two red colours according to m/1673 and supplemented them later that year so that they corresponded to m/1675. These were issued to the companies at home and in 1676 Baltzar Friedrich painted another red m/1675 colour. Two of these colours have survived and were described as early as 1685 as "red-pale", which has led Heribert Seitz to believe that their original colour was the nacra-red (light red or pink) shade that the Uppland colours were to have according to m/1682 and not the darker red shades of incarnate and crimson that they were to have in the other regulations (Holm, pages 413-414).

Paint residues on the above banner where nails have been placed Plain finial belonging to the colour above

Close-up of a grenade that was in each corner of the m/1675 colours

On 29 May 1677, four newly raised companies received unpainted colours "of red and black taffeta sewn in flames" that had been manufactured for the Colony Regiment in 1675, and which were provided with silver plated finials. One of the four colours was probably a colonel’s colour. On 1 June 1678, the companies that were commandeered to the navy received three unpainted incarnate red colours with smooth (polished iron) finials.

In 1679, Uppland Regiment received five colours that had already been made in 1658 for other regiments. First, a white colour that had been made for Västgöta-Dal Regiment and which consisted of the national coat of arms in a green laurel wreath and Charles X Gustav's monogram (CGRS) in the corners. Each corner had one of the letters with a crown above it. The four company colours were yellow and had originally been made for an unknown regiment. Their motif was in gold and consisted of a laurel wreath with the letters CGRS under a crown inside and a motto above the wreath.

On the left, one of five yellow company colours made by Peter Blohm in 1658 for an unknown regiment. Four of them were carried by Uppland Regiment from 1679 to 1683. Each colour had its own motto above the laurel wreath. ARMIS ÆQUISSIMIS  (With impartial Arms) ROBORO JUSTO (With righteous strength) OMINE FAUSTO (Under happy omens) LEGE SERUATO (Under the sanctity of the law) VSQUE SEQUAMUR (We follow as far as it goes) The staffs were made of unpainted pine and three of the colours have been preserved.

The colours from 1679 were provisional and in 1683 Uppland Regiment received a set of eight colours according to m/1682. The only difference compared to m/1675 was that the white colonel’s colour would now have the national coat of arms as the main motif instead of the provincial coat of arms which was henceforth placed in the upper inner corner. The colour of the company colours was now specified in the regulation as nacra red which is more of a pink colour. The finials on the issued flags were made of iron, but the finial of the colonel’s colour was gilded and pierced with Charles XI's monogram. The other finials were plain.

M/1682 was, however, short-lived and was replaced four years later by the famous m/1686. With this, the four grenades were abolished, and the red shade was changed to crimson. The national coat of arms on the colonel’s colour would now also have lion supporters (see the pictures of Olof Hoffman's model drawings further up).

The first set of m/1686 colours was received on 30 December 30, 1694 by the colonel and was made by Helena Kräll in intarsia. These colours were supposedly carried until the Battle of Poltava, after which they were lost to the Russians. However, they may have been partially replaced before then. The Russians noted that the company colours were of different colours and therefore believed that they belonged to two separate regiments. Three company colours were still red, while the other four had become so faded that they were sand-coloured. No sources mention anything about new colours between 1694 and 1709, but this also applies to Skaraborg Regiment, which must have received a new set of colours during that period. In any case, the colours that were lost in Ukraine were taken to Moscow, where they were then destroyed when the Kremlin burned down in 1737. The colours that were still red at Poltava had white pine staffs.

The next set of m/1686 colours was painted in the winter of 1709-1710 by either Daniel Stawert or Johan Wikman. This set was not issued until March 1710, which meant that the regiment fought in the Battle of Helsingborg without colours. Once issued, the colours were carried for the rest of the war and in 1720 they were described as "faded and worn". However, it would be until 1727 before they received a new set of colours (painted by Johan Wikman). Unlike the set from 1710, a colour from 1727 is known to exist, but unfortunately I have no picture of it.

Colonel’s and company colours in use 1741-1771

A modified version of m/1686 was probably issued before the turn of the year 1742 when the regiment was in Finland during the Russian War of 1741-1743. Instead of a painted decoration, the banners were embroidered by Christoffer Sergel, which meant that the motif had been reduced in size so as not to make the colour too heavy. The number of colours had also been limited to one colonel’s colour and three company colours (i.e. two colours per battalion), which had become the new standard in the Swedish army.

A new set of colours was embroidered by Tobias Leij the Younger for the coronation of Gustav III in 1771. This followed the regulation from 1766 which replaced the laurel wreath with a frame consisting of palm leaves and a crown in gold. These colours were discarded at the muster in 1793 and replaced by a new set from 1796 (probably embroidered by Frans Oldenburg).

The last m/1766 set was embroidered in 1814 by Anne-Marie Fellborg. It was a partial replacement for the set from 1796 and consisted of a colonel’s colour and two company colours. A company colour from Fellborg's set has been preserved and is in good condition.

The custom of having the provincial coat of arms in the upper inner corner was abandoned at the beginning of the 19th century for all regiments. Instead, there was a closed crown in each corner. But this meant that all the colonel’s colour s looked the same and that it is therefore not possible to determine which of the preserved colonel’s colours may have belonged to the Uppland regiment.

All m/1766 colours were replaced in 1820 by two m/1819 battalion colours which consisted of the Swedish flag with the lesser national coat of arms in the middle of the cross.

Other Equipment

Bayonets were delivered in 1696 from Vira bruk and differed from the other regiments in that they were double-edged and fitted with pliers. They were intended to be fitted with wooden shafts and springs, but were modified in 1701 and fitted with sockets so that they would fit the regiment's muskets.

A proposition for the baggage train from 8 February 1701 states that the number of armoured wagons would be 15 for the staff (of which 2 were canteen wagons) and 20 for the companies (plus 8 canteen wagons). The baggage on the wagons would contain 21 officer tents, 258 private's tents (six men per tent), 32 musket tents, 100 kettles, 10 hand mills, 32 gunpowder sacks and 40 baggage saddles (Nordensvan page 127).

When Uppland regiment was restored in 1709, the colonel received permission from the Defence Commission to equip all men with flintlock muskets and bayonets. It is unclear when a third of the men were again given pikes, but it was probably in 1716 after Charles XII's return to Sweden. During the Norwegian campaign in 1718, only 800 men were equipped as musketeers. After Charles XII's death, the pikes seem to have been discontinued again. In a letter to the War College on 5 July 1719, the Uppland colonel requested 102 new muskets, as the proportion of pikemen would be reduced from one third to one quarter. In a new letter on 1 August, he requested an additional 213 muskets so that the remaining pikemen could also be rearmed. However, already on 24 November 1719, a royal resolution was issued that determined that one quarter of the men in each infantry regiment should have pikes.

Interestingly, in preparation for the Scanian campaign, the regiment requested an amount of ammunition that was only enough to give each soldier 30 bullets and each grenadier two grenades. This allocation may have changed in 1718 when the grenade and cartridge boxes from 1709 were to be replaced because they were both too old and too small.

All soldiers were also supposed to have received swords in 1709, but their delivery was delayed so that 1061 men were without swords during the Scanian campaign. In March 1710 new swords were issued so that only three were without them in May. However, these cannot have been swords in accordance with regulations since the regiment was mustered in August the same year and it was noted that almost no one had regular swords.

On March 10, 1711, 200 Danish tents were issued to the regiment. These had become Swedish spoils of war after the Battle of Helsingborg.

The regiment's 16 drums were in 1717 "evenly painted and the Uppland coat of arms gilded on them". The drummers were armed with deer catchers in 1719 and had covered drum straps in 1721.

In 1718, officers were armed with half-pikes and "studsare" (shortened muskets), and also had a gorget. The grenadier NCO:s had 8 "kurzgevär" (literally "short weapons" and usually refers to NCO halberds but might in this case be some form of short musket).

In 1721, there were 8 wagon covers in Uppsala Castle "which are painted with blue oil paint. Ditto 8 wagon bodies made of boards, painted black ".

Anders Pihlström's diary 1708–1723. Stockholm (1903)

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